The African

*Abraham*	*Cow Tom*	*Dosar Barkus*	*Caesar Bruner*	*Harry Island*
*John Horse*	*Silas Jefferson*	*John A.Meyers*	*J.CoodyJohnson*	*Sugar George*

..........and all 20,000 Freedmen of Indian Territory and their hundreds of thousands of descendants!

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(The Treaty of 1866 was the document that finally released the African slaves from bondage of the tribes of Indian Territory. Having ignored the passage of the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which ended slavery in the United States, the tribes, chose to embrace sovereignty to keep the slaves in bondage. The treaty, signed in 1866 by the same tribes that had formed an alliance with the Southern Confederacy, to join in the fight with the South, finally released their slaves, from bondage. Slavery had taken many forms during its hold in the tribes, and there were, at the same time, some free people of color who did live in the Territory before the release of the slaves. However, the institution did exist within these nations, and it was the treaty signed in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, that finally brought and end to the last foothold of institutionalized slavery in North America. These are excerpts from those treaties signed in 1866.)

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Introduction and History	The Choctaw Freedmen Resources
Chickasaw Freedmen Resources	Creek & Sem. Freedmen Resources

Black Indian Slave Narratives	Culture and Traditions of Freedmen
Freedmen Bibliography	List of Freedmen Surnames
Black Indians in the Civil War	*Letter of the Chickasaw Freedmen*
*Burial Sites of Black Indians*	*Old Agency Cemetery African-Creek*
Oklahoma Freedmen Towns	Unique Records for Black Indians

-More Oklahoma Freedmen Links	-Black Western Frontier Links
-African American Genealogy Links	-African American History Links
-Oklahoma General Genealogy Links	-Cherokee Nation General Links
-Choctaw Nation General Links	-Chickasaw Nation General Links
-Creek Nation General Links	-Seminole Nation General Links